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NEW QUESTION 248
One way to judge the performance of a company is to compare it with other companies. This technique, commonly called "benchmarking," permits the manager of a company to discover better industrial practices and can provide a justification for the adoption of good practices.
Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for benchmarking the performance of a company against companies with which it is not in competition rather than against competitors EXCEPT:
- A. Comparisons with competitors are most likely to focus on practices that the manager making the comparisons already employs.
- B. Since companies that compete with each other are likely to have comparable levels of efficiency, only benchmarking against non competitors is likely to reveal practices that would aid in beating competitors.
- C. Managers are generally more receptive to new ideas that they find outside their own industry.
- D. Getting "inside" information about the unique practices of competitors is particularly difficult.
- E. Much of the success of good companies is due to their adoption of practices that take advantage of the special circumstances of their products of markets.
Answer: A
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NEW QUESTION 249
A certain law firm has 28 lawyers and has offices in three states, X, Y, and Z.
Every lawyer in the firm is either Scensed in all three states or is licensed in only one of the three states.
If 10 lawyers are kensed in State X, 11 are licensed in State Y, and 13 are licensed in State Z, how many lawyers are licensed only in State Z ?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 250
The hotel industry now offers a great many gradations of service, giving rise to odd concepts such as "luxury budget." and innkeepers must struggle constantly to find a corner of the market and then to compete at the appropriate level of service.
- A. giving rise to odd concepts, such as "luxury budget" and innkeepers who are having to
- B. so that it gives rise to odd concepts such as "luxury budget" and innkeepers having to
- C. to giving rise to odd concepts such as "luxury budget," with innkeepers having to
- D. giving rise to odd concepts such as "luxury budget," with innkeepers who must
- E. giving rise to odd concepts such as luxury budget/ and innkeepers must
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 251
An experimental microwave clothes dryer heats neither air nor cloth. Rather, it heats water on clothes, thereby saving electricity and protecting delicate fibers by operating at a lower temperature. Microwaves are waves that usually heat metal objects, but developers of a microwave dryer are perfecting a process that will prevent thin metal objects such as hairpins from heating up and burning clothes.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the process, when perfected, will be insufficient to make the dryer readily marketable?
- A. Drying clothes with the process would not cause more shrinkage than the currently used mechanical drying process causes.
- B. The experimental microwave dryer uses more electricity than future, improved models would be expected to use.
- C. Metal snap fasteners on clothes that are commonly put into drying machines are about the same thickness as most hairpins.
- D. Many clothes that are currently placed into mechanical dryers are not placed there along with hairpins or other thin metal objects.
- E. Many clothes that are frequently machine-dried by prospective customers incorporate thick metal parts such as decorative brass studs or buttons.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 252
Gene therapy offers a new treatment paradigm for curing human disease. Rather than altering the disease phenotype by using agents that interact with gene products, or are themselves gene products, gene therapy can theoretically modify specific genes resulting in disease cure following a single administration.
Initially gene therapy was envisioned for the treatment of genetic disorders, but is currently being studied for use with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, peripheral vascular disease, arthritis, Neurodegenerative disorders and other acquired diseases.
Certain key elements are required for a successful gene therapy strategy. The most elementary of these is that the relevant gene be identified and cloned. Upon completion of the Human Genome Project, gene availability will be unlimited. Once identified and cloned, the next consideration must be expression of the gene. Questions pertaining to the efficiency of gene transfer and gene expression remain at the forefront of gene therapy research, with current debates revolving around the transfer of desired genes to appropriate cells, and then to obtaining sufficient levels of expression for disease treatment. With luck, future research on gene transfer and tissue-specific gene expression will resolve these issues for the majority of gene therapy protocols.
Other important considerations for a gene therapy strategy include a sufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of the targeted disorder, potential side effects of the gene therapy treatment, and a more in depth understanding of the target cells which are to receive gene therapy.
Gene transfer vector is the mechanism by which the gene is transferred into a cell. Currently there are at least 150 clinical gene therapy protocols worldwide. Since the approval process for these protocols is not as public outside the U.S., it is difficult to ascertain the exact number of worldwide protocols. As of December 1995, 1024 patients had been treated with either a gene transfer or gene therapy protocol.
Much controversy exists regarding how many of these patients have benefited from their gene therapy, and no one has yet been cured.
Public controversy in the field of human gene therapy is driven by several factors. Ordinary citizens as well as scientists easily understand the enormous potential of gene therapy, but the former may not appreciate all the pitfalls and uncertainly that lie in the immediate future. The financial interests of biotechnology firms and, some have asserted the career interests of some gene therapists have encouraged extravagant, or at least verily optimistic public statements about contemporary gene therapy. In spite of the proliferation of protocols, the actual number of patients treated remains small, and only one genuinely controlled study of human gene therapy has been published as of this date The author's attitude toward the gene therapy as a future cure for cancer, peripheral vascular disease, arthritis, Neurodegenerative disorders and other acquired diseases is
- A. Censure
- B. Cautious optimism
- C. Amusement
- D. Indifference
- E. Disapproval
Answer: B
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The best answer is D.
In the opening sentence, the author optimistically states that gene therapy offers a new treatment paradigm for curing human disease. However, in the fifth paragraph the author mentions some of the problems.
NEW QUESTION 253
Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week. According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job- related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P.
Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
- A. Company P provides more types of health-care benefits than does Company O.
- B. Company P holds more safety inspections than does Company O.
- C. Company O paid more for new job-related medical claims than did Company P.
- D. Company P maintains a more modern infirmary than does Company O.
- E. Company P manufactures products that are more hazardous for workers to produce than does Company O.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 254
Anuj wants to lose about 15 pounds. He knows several people who have lost 10 to 20 pounds in just one month with a particular over-the-counter diet pill. Anuj plans to buy the diet pill in order to lose 15 pounds in the same time period. Based on the previous information, for Anuj's plan to succeed, which of the following must be true?
- A. Anuj must avoid certain foods that may counteract the effectiveness of the pill.
- B. Anuj must monitor his weight loss very carefully.
- C. Anuj's body type, exercise regimen, and diet must be similar to those of the people who lost 15 pounds with the pill.
- D. Anuj must take the diet pill at the same time every day.
- E. Anuj must adjust his diet to include more protein and fewer carbohydrates.
Answer: C
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Anuj's plan of action is based on the assumption that he will have the same success with the diet pill as his acquaintances. In order for this to be true, however, a must also be true - he must have a similar body type, exercise regimen, and diet. If, for example, he does not exercise but those people who lost weight with the pill did, he might not have the same results. Anuj may have to avoid certain foods (choice b) or take the pill at the same time each day (choice c) in order for it to be most effective, but these assumptions do not underlie his belief that he will have the same results as the others. Choice d is incorrect because the passage does not state what sort of diet the others had, and again this plan of action rests upon the assumption that he will have similar results. Anuj should probably monitor his weight loss carefully (choice e), but this is just common sense and not relevant to his plan of action.
NEW QUESTION 255
The average life expectancy for the United States population as a whole is 73.9 years, but children born in Hawaii will live an average of 77 years, and those born in Louisiana, 71.7 years. If a newlywed couple from Louisiana were to begin their family in Hawaii, therefore, their children would be expected to live longer than would be the case if the family remained in Louisiana.
Which of the following statements, if true, would most significantly strengthen the conclusion drawn in the passage?
- A. Over the last decade, average life expectancy has risen at a higher rate for Louisianians than for Hawaiians.
- B. Twenty-five percent of all Louisianians who move to Hawaii live longer than 77 years.
- C. Studies show that the average life expectancy for Hawaiians who move permanently to Louisiana is roughly equal to that of Hawaiians who remain in Hawaii.
- D. As population density increases in Hawaii, life expectancy figures for that state are likely to be revised downward.
- E. Environmental factors tending to favor longevity are abundant in Hawaii and less numerous in Louisiana.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 256
Although its purpose is laudable, the exclusionary rule, which forbids a court to consider evidence seized in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights, has unduly hampered law-enforcement efforts. Even when the rights violation was a minor or purely technical one, turning on a detail of procedure rather than on the abrogation of some fundamental liberty, and even when it has been clear that the police officers were acting in good faith, the evidence obtained has been considered tainted under this rule and may not even by introduced. In consequence, defendants who were undoubtedly guilty have been set free, perhaps to steal, rape, or murder again.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely endorse which of the following proposals?
- A. Change of the exclusionary rule to admit evidence obtained by police officers acting in good faith
- B. A constitutional amendment allowing police officers to obtain vital evidence by any means necessary when in pursuit of a known criminal
- C. Change of the exclusionary rule to allow any evidence, no matter how obtained, to be introduced in court
- D. A constitutional amendment curtailing some of the protections traditionally afforded those accused of a crime
- E. A statute limiting the application of the exclusionary rule to cases involving minor criminal offenses
Answer: A
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NEW QUESTION 257 
Answer:
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P1, A
NEW QUESTION 258
Under laboratory conditions, fruit flies can learn to respond to odors that elicit no response from them in nature. Mutant fruit flies that cannot produce a certain enzyme are, however, incapable of such learning. These mutant flies respond to other odors just as ordinary fruit flies do.
Thus it is unlikely that the enzyme's absence impairs
the fruit flies' perception of odors, since presumably fruit flies would not have an enzyme that was needed only for the perception of odors that fruit flies do not respond to in nature. Given that many researchers believe that this enzyme is somehow involved in the process of forming memories, what the enzyme's absence probably impairs is the fruit flies' ability to learn.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
- A. The first is a conclusion drawn about one possible explanation of the phenomenon at issue; the second presents an explicit assumption that is introduced to support that conclusion.
- B. The first is a hypothesis that the argument seeks to establish; the second is an alternative hypothesis, which the argument provides grounds for rejecting.
- C. The first is an objection that has been raised against the position adopted in the argument; the second presents an explicit assumption that is introduced in order to meet that objection.
- D. The first is a hypothesis that the argument seeks to establish; the second presents an explicit assumption that has been used in arguing for the position that the argument opposes.
- E. The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a claim that has been advanced in order to undermine the force of that evidence.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 259
Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?
- A. The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
- B. Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
- C. There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
- D. It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.
- E. Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower-building and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 260
According to the passage, Karev's hypothesis suggests which of the following about people's choices of seating in movie theaters?
- A. They are seldom preceded by deliberation.
- B. They are random.
- C. They are primarily affected by variations in visual acuity.
- D. They depend primarily on habits formed in childhood.
- E. They often function to facilitate processing of certain kinds of information,
Answer: E
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Explanation
Despite overall physiological bilateral symmetry, many species exhibit
lateralized biases, i.e., preferences for right- or left-oriented behavior. When approaching prey, for example, some predator species favor their right eye; some prey species respond more quickly when their left eye detects a predator. Similar behavioral asymmetries occur in humans. Most notable is right- and lefthandedness; less notable is the tendency to turn right when entering a room.
Paul Farnsworth found that more successful students tended to choose seats near the front, a little to the right. He argued that external factors such as teacher location might have affected this lateral bias. But it is now known that processing differences between the two brain hemispheres can also contribute to behavioral asymmetries.
George Karev found that when presented with a movie theater seating
diagram, right-handed people were more likely than left-handed people to choose a seat on the right, facing front. But he hypothesized that, since the right hemisphere processes visuospatial and emotional information, the people who chose right-side seats did so because that would put the screen in their left visual field, optimizing information flow to the right hemisphere.
Although the right hemisphere is thought to be dominant in processing
emotion, some evidence suggests that the left hemisphere plays a role. The valence model proposes that the left and right hemispheres process positive and negative emotion respectively, while the approach-withdrawal model posits that the left hemisphere processes emotion expressed in approach behavior and the right hemisphere processes emotion expressed in withdrawal behavior.
Victoria Harms and colleagues suggested that since a paper seating plan was used in the theater-seating studies by Karev and others, the exhibited preference might be due simply to handedness: people choose the same side of the paper as their favored hand. Consequently, the Harms research was designed to study choices in an actual movie theater. Also, hoping to distinguish between various explanations, they studied seating chaices for comedies (presumed to contain positive emotional content), dramas (presumed to contain negative emotional content), and documentaries (presumed to have balanced emotional content).
They found significant-though not universal-preference for seats on the right, facing front, regardless of movie genre and of handedness.
NEW QUESTION 261
After observing the Earth's weather patterns and the 11-year sunspot cycle of the Sun for 36 years, scientists have found that high levels of sunspot activity precede shifts in wind patterns that affect the Earth's weather. One can conclude that meteorologists will be able to improve their weather forecasts based on this information.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
- A. Weather forecasts are more detailed today than they were 36 years ago.
- B. Scientists have not determined why the sunspot activity on the Sun follows an 11-year cycle.
- C. It has been established that predictable wind patterns yield predictable weather patterns.
- D. Scientists can establish that sunspot activity directly affects the Earth's weather.
- E. Evidence other than sunspot activity has previously enabled meteorologists to forecast the weather conditions that are predictable on the basis of sunspot activity.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 262
A new law gives ownership of patents-documents providing exclusive right to make and sell an invention
- to universities, not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching.
Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on the viability of the college administrators' plan described above?
- A. Corporate sponsors of research in university facilities are entitled to tax credits under new federal tax- code guidelines.
- B. Research scientists at Logos University have few or no teaching responsibilities and participate little if at all in the undergraduate programs in their field.
- C. Logos University is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.
- D. Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University for the most part duplicates research already completed by several profit-making corporations.
- E. Profit-making corporations interested in developing products based on patents held by universities are likely to try to serve as exclusive sponsors of ongoing university research projects.
Answer: D
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NEW QUESTION 263
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?
- A. The two-party system has contributed significantly to the stability of the American political structure.
- B. A significant increase in the number of third-party candidates would be evidence of a decline in the importance of the two major parties.
- C. The amount of money raised and spent by a political party is one valid criterion for judging the influence of the party.
- D. The mass media are relatively unimportant in deciding the outcome of most elections.
- E. The mass media tend to favor an independent or third-party candidate over a candidate from one of the two major parties.
Answer: C
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NEW QUESTION 264
When the newly elected prime minister gave his first official speech, he took pains not to dwell on what might have been if his party should have attained a clear maim its by on how the coalition government, given sufficient time and appropriate resources, would benefit the country.
- A. should his party have attained a dear majority, but rather
- B. if his party should have attained a clear majority, but
- C. had his party attained a clear majority, but Instead
- D. had his party attained a dear majority, and instead focused
- E. if his party attained a clear majority, and focusing Instead
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 265 
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 266
In none of the archaeological sites where floor mosaics were found, not even in those one that like Alarna or Gaanip had well-preserved mosaics in them, there was any evidence of Greek artisans having worked there.
- A. such as Alarna or Gaanip with well-preserved mosaics in them, there was
- B. that, like Alarna or Gaanip, had well-preserved mosaics, was there
- C. ones like Alarna or Gaanip having well-preserved mosaics, was there
- D. like Alarna or Gaanip. with well-preserved mosaics, was there
- E. ones that like Alarna or Gaanip had well-preserved mosaics in them, there was
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 267
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