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NEW QUESTION # 15
Robert is an incident handler working for Xsecurity Inc. One day, his organization faced a massive cyberattack and all the websites related to the organization went offline. Robert was on duty during the incident and he was responsible to handle the incident and maintain business continuity. He immediately restored the web application service with the help of the existing backups.
According to the scenario, which of the following stages of incident handling and response (IH&R) process does Robert performed?
- A. Eradication
- B. Evidence gathering and forensics analysis
- C. Notification
- D. Recovery
Answer: D
Explanation:
Restoring web application services with the help of existing backups, as performed by Robert, falls under the Recovery stage of the Incident Handling and Response (IH&R) process. The Recovery stage involves actions taken to return the organization to normal operations after an incident, which includes restoring systems to their operational state using backups, patching vulnerabilities, and ensuring that all systems are clean and secure before being brought back online. This step is crucial for resuming business operations and mitigating the impact of the incident.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Shiela is working at night as an incident handler. During a shift, servers were affected by a massive cyberattack. After she classified and prioritized the incident, she must report the incident, obtain necessary permissions, and perform other incident response functions. What list should she check to notify other responsible personnel?
- A. Point of contact
- B. HR log book
- C. Email list
- D. Phone number list
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the context of incident handling, the "point of contact" list is essential for ensuring that Sheila, the incident handler working at night, can quickly notify the responsible personnel within the organization about the cyberattack. This list typically includes the contact information of key stakeholders and decision-makers who need to be informed about security incidents, allowing for timely communication, decision-making, and response coordination.
References:Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides stress the importance of having a well-maintained point of contact list as part of an organization's incident response plan to facilitate efficient and effective communication during and after cybersecurity incidents.
NEW QUESTION # 17
In which of the following phases of the incident handling and response (IH&R) process is the identified security incidents analyzed, validated, categorized, and prioritized?
- A. Containment
- B. Incident recording and assignment
- C. Incident triage
- D. Notification
Answer: C
Explanation:
Incident triage is the phase in the Incident Handling and Response (IH&R) process where identified security incidents are analyzed, validated, categorized, and prioritized. This step is crucial for determining the severity of incidents and deciding on the order in which they should be addressed. During triage, incident handlers assess the impact, urgency, and potential harm of an incident to prioritize their response efforts effectively.
This ensures that resources are allocated efficiently, and the most critical incidents are handled first. Incident recording and assignment involve logging incidents and assigning them to handlers, containment focuses on limiting the extent of damage, and notification involves informing stakeholders about the incident.References:
The Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides detail the IH&R process, emphasizing the importance of triage in managing and responding to security incidents effectively.
NEW QUESTION # 18
During the vulnerability assessment phase, the incident responders perform various steps as below:
1. Run vulnerability scans using tools
2. Identify and prioritize vulnerabilities
3. Examine and evaluate physical security
4. Perform OSINT information gathering to validate the vulnerabilities
5. Apply business and technology context to scanner results
6. Check for misconfigurations and human errors
7. Create a vulnerability scan report
Identify the correct sequence of vulnerability assessment steps performed by the incident responders.
- A. 4-->1-->2-->3-->6-->5-->7
- B. 2-->1-->4-->7-->5-->6-->3
- C. 1-->3-->2-->4-->5-->6-->7
- D. 3-->6-->1-->2-->5-->4-->7
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct sequence of steps performed by incident responders during the vulnerability assessment phase is as follows:
* Perform OSINT information gathering to validate the vulnerabilities (4):Initially, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is used to gather information about the organization's digital footprint and potential vulnerabilities.
* Run vulnerability scans using tools (1):Next, specialized tools are employed to scan the organization's networks and systems for vulnerabilities.
* Identify and prioritize vulnerabilities (2):The identified vulnerabilities are then analyzed and prioritized based on their severity and potential impact on the organization.
* Examine and evaluate physical security (3):Physical security assessments are also crucial as they can impact the overall security posture and protection of digital assets.
* Check for misconfigurations and human errors (6):This step involves looking for misconfigurations in systems and networks, as well as potential human errors that could lead to vulnerabilities.
* Apply business and technology context to scanner results (5):The results from the scans are evaluated within the context of the business and its technology environment to accurately assess risks.
* Create a vulnerability scan report (7):Finally, a comprehensive report is created, detailing the vulnerabilities, their severity, and recommended mitigation strategies.
This sequence ensures a thorough assessment, prioritizing vulnerabilities that pose the greatest risk and providing actionable insights for mitigation.References:CREST CPTIA courses and study guides elaborate on the vulnerability assessment process, detailing the steps involved in identifying, evaluating, and addressing security vulnerabilities within an organization's IT infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 19
XYZ Inc. was affected by a malware attack and James, being the incident handling and response (IH&R) team personnel handling the incident, found out that the root cause of the incident is a backdoor that has bypassed the security perimeter due to an existing vulnerability in the deployed firewall. James had contained the spread of the infection and removed the malware completely. Now the organization asked him to perform incident impact assessment to identify the impact of the incident over the organization and he was also asked to prepare a detailed report of the incident.
Which of the following stages in IH&R process is James working on?
- A. Eradication
- B. Evidence gathering and forensics analysis
- C. Post-incident activities
- D. Notification
Answer: C
Explanation:
James is working on the post-incident activities stage of the Incident Handling and Response (IH&R) process.
After containing the spread of the infection and removing the malware, the focus shifts to assessing the impact of the incident on the organization and preparing a detailed report. This phase involves analyzing the extent of the damage, determining the cost of the attack, evaluating how well the incident was managed, and identifying lessons learned to improve future response efforts. The objective is to restore systems to normal operation, ensure no remnants of the threat remain, and implement measures to prevent recurrence.References:
Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides outline the IH&R process, emphasizing the importance of post-incident activities for organizational recovery and improvement of future security measures.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following options describes common characteristics of phishing emails?
- A. Sent from friends or colleagues
- B. No BCC fields
- C. Written in French
- D. Urgency, threatening, or promising subject lines
Answer: D
Explanation:
Phishing emails often share common characteristics designed to manipulate the recipient into taking immediate action. One of the hallmark features is the use of urgency, threatening language, or promising subject lines in the emails. These tactics are intended to create a sense of urgency or fear, compelling the recipient to respond quickly without giving due consideration to the legitimacy of the email. Phishing emails may claim that the recipient's account has been compromised, that they need to confirm personal information immediately, or that they have won a prize. The goal is to trick the recipient into clicking on malicious links, opening attachments, or providing sensitive information.
References:The Certified Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) program by EC-Council covers the identification and handling of phishing incidents, including the analysis of phishing emails and the importance of educating users on recognizing and responding to phishing attempts.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Michael, a threat analyst, works in an organization named TechTop, was asked to conduct a cyber-threat intelligence analysis. After obtaining information regarding threats, he has started analyzing the information and understanding the nature of the threats.
What stage of the cyber-threat intelligence is Michael currently in?
- A. Unknown unknowns
- B. Unknowns unknown
- C. Known unknowns
- D. Known knowns
Answer: C
Explanation:
The "known unknowns" stage in cyber-threat intelligence refers to the phase where an analyst has identified threats but the specific details, implications, or full nature of these threats are not yet fully understood.
Michael, in this scenario, has obtained information on threats and is in the process of analyzing this information to understand the nature of the threats better. This stage involves analyzing the known data to uncover additional insights and fill in the gaps in understanding, thereby transitioning the "unknowns" into
"knowns." This phase is critical in threat intelligence as it helps in developing actionable intelligence by deepening the understanding of the threats faced.References:
* "Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach," by Robert M. Clark
* "Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis," by Richards J. Heuer Jr. and Randolph H.
Pherson
NEW QUESTION # 22
A network administrator working in an ABC organization collected log files generated by a traffic monitoring system, which may not seem to have useful information, but afterperforming proper analysis by him, the same information can be used to detect an attack in the network.
Which of the following categories of threat information has he collected?
- A. Strategic reports
- B. Advisories
- C. Low-level data
- D. Detection indicators
Answer: C
Explanation:
The network administrator collected log files generated by a traffic monitoring system, which falls under the category of low-level data. This type of data might not appear useful at first glance but can reveal significant insights about network activity and potential threats upon thorough analysis. Low-level data includes raw logs, packet captures, and other granular details that, when analyzed properly, can help detect anomalous behaviors or indicators of compromise within the network. This type of information is essential for detection and response efforts, allowing security teams to identify and mitigate threats in real-time.References:
* "Network Forensics: Tracking Hackers through Cyberspace," by Sherri Davidoff and Jonathan Ham, Prentice Hall
* "Real-Time Detection of Anomalous Activity in Dynamic, Heterogeneous Information Systems," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
NEW QUESTION # 23
Miko was hired as an incident handler in XYZ company. His first task was to identify the PING sweep attempts inside the network. For this purpose, he used Wireshark to analyze the traffic. What filter did he use to identify ICMP ping sweep attempts?
- A. icmp.type == 8 or icmp.type ==0
- B. icrrip.lype == icmp
- C. udp.lype - 7
- D. tcp.typc == icmp
Answer: A
Explanation:
In Wireshark, to identify ICMP ping sweep attempts, the filtericmp.type == 8 or icmp.type ==0is used. This filter captures ICMP echo requests and echo replies, which are indicative of ping commands. Type 8 represents an echo request used when a source sends a ping, and type 0 represents an echo reply, which is the response from the target. By filtering for these ICMP types, Miko can detect a surge in ping requests across the network, which could indicate a ping sweep attempt-an exploratory activity often used by attackers to discover active hosts on a network by sending ping requests to multiple addresses.References:Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides often incorporate training on using network analysis tools like Wireshark, including how to use filters to detect specific types of network activities and potential threats.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Kathy wants to ensure that she shares threat intelligence containing sensitive information with the appropriate audience. Hence, she used traffic light protocol (TLP).
Which TLP color would you signify that information should be shared only within a particular community?
- A. Red
- B. Green
- C. White
- D. Amber
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP), the color amber signifies that the information should be limited to those who have a need-to-know within the specified community or organization, and not further disseminated without permission. TLP Red indicates information that should not be disclosed outside of the originating organization. TLP Green indicates information that is limited to the community but can be disseminated within the community without restriction. TLP White, or TLP Clear, indicates information that can be shared freely with no restrictions. Therefore, for information meant to be shared within a particular community with some restrictions on further dissemination, TLP Amber is the appropriate designation.References:
* FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams) Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) Guidelines
* CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) TLP Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 25
An incident handler is analyzing email headers to find out suspicious emails.
Which of the following tools he/she must use in order to accomplish the task?
- A. SPAMfighter
- B. Barracuda Email Security Gateway
- C. Gophish
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Barracuda Email Security Gateway is designed to manage and filter inbound and outbound email traffic to protect organizations from email-borne threats and data leaks. As an incident handler analyzing email headers to find out suspicious emails, using a tool like the Barracuda Email Security Gateway would be appropriate. This tool can help identify and block spam, phishing, malware, and other malicious email threats, making it easier to focus on analyzing potentially harmful emails more closely.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Moses, a threat intelligence analyst at InfoTec Inc., wants to find crucial information about the potential threats the organization is facing by using advanced Google searchoperators. He wants to identify whether any fake websites are hosted at the similar to the organization's URL.
Which of the following Google search queries should Moses use?
- A. related: www.infothech.org
- B. info: www.infothech.org
- C. link: www.infothech.org
- D. cache: www.infothech.org
Answer: A
Explanation:
The "related:" Google search operator is used to find websites that are similar or related to a specified URL.
In the context provided, Moses wants to identify fake websites that may be posing as or are similar to his organization's official site. By using the "related:" operator followed by his organization's URL, Google will return a list of websites that Google considers to be similar to the specified site. This can help Moses identify potential impersonating websites that could be used for phishing or other malicious activities. The "info:",
"link:", and "cache:" operators serve different purposes; "info:" provides information about the specified webpage, "link:" used to be used to find pages linking to a specific URL (but is now deprecated), and "cache:" shows the cached version of the specified webpage.References:
* Google Search Operators Guide by Moz
* Google Advanced Search Help Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is not a countermeasure to eradicate cloud security incidents?
- A. Disable security options such as two factor authentication and CAPTCHA
- B. Check for data protection at both design and runtime
- C. Patch the database vulnerabilities and improve the isolation mechanism
- D. Remove the malware files and traces from the affected components
Answer: A
Explanation:
Disabling security options such as two-factor authentication (2FA) and CAPTCHA is not a countermeasure to eradicate cloud security incidents. In fact, it is contrary to best security practices. 2FA adds an additional layer of security by requiring two forms of verification before granting access to an account or system. CAPTCHA helps prevent automated attacks by ensuring that the entity accessing the service is human. Both are important security measures that protect against unauthorized access and automated attacks, thereby enhancing cloud security.
NEW QUESTION # 28
For analyzing the system, the browser data can be used to access various credentials.
Which of the following tools is used to analyze the history data files in Microsoft Edge browser?
- A. BrowsingHistoryView
- B. MZHistoryView
- C. MZCacheView
- D. ChromeHistoryView
Answer: A
Explanation:
BrowsingHistoryView is a tool designed to collect and analyze history data from various web browsers, including Microsoft Edge. It allows users to view the browsing history stored by their browsers in one unified interface. This includes URLs visited, page titles, visit times, and the number of visits to each page. While ChromeHistoryView is specific to Google Chrome, BrowsingHistoryView supports multiple browsers, making it versatile for analyzing history data across different platforms. MZCacheView and MZHistoryView do not exist as tools recognized for this purpose in the context of Microsoft Edge or other browser history analysis.References:Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides emphasize the importance of using digital forensic tools, such as BrowsingHistoryView, for analyzing web browser data during investigations.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Cybersol Technologies initiated a cyber-threat intelligence program with a team of threat intelligence analysts. During the process, the analysts started converting the raw data into useful information by applying various techniques, such as machine-based techniques, and statistical methods.
In which of the following phases of the threat intelligence lifecycle is the threat intelligence team currently working?
- A. Analysis and production
- B. Dissemination and integration
- C. Processing and exploitation
- D. Planning and direction
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phase where threat intelligence analysts convert raw data into useful information by applying various techniques, such as machine learning or statistical methods, is known as 'Processing and Exploitation'. During this phase, collected data is processed, standardized, and analyzed to extract relevant information. This is a critical step in the threat intelligence lifecycle, transforming raw data into a format that can be further analyzed and turned into actionable intelligence in the subsequent 'Analysis and Production' phase.References:
* "Intelligence Analysis for Problem Solvers" by John E. McLaughlin
* "The Cyber Intelligence Tradecraft Project: The State of Cyber Intelligence Practices in the United States (Unclassified Summary)" by the Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute
NEW QUESTION # 30
An organization named Sam Morison Inc. decided to use cloud-based services to reduce the cost of maintenance. The organization identified various risks and threats associated with cloud service adoption and migrating business-critical data to thirdparty systems. Hence, the organization decided to deploy cloud-based security tools to prevent upcoming threats.
Which of the following tools help the organization to secure the cloud resources and services?
- A. Nmap
- B. Alert Logic
- C. Burp Suite
- D. Wireshark
Answer: B
Explanation:
Alert Logic is a cloud-based security tool that provides Security-as-a-Service solutions including threat management, vulnerability assessment, and improved security outcomes. It is designed specifically to secure cloud resources and services, making it an ideal choice for organizations like Sam Morison Inc. that are moving their operations to the cloud and are concerned about the security of their data. Tools like Nmap, Burp Suite, and Wireshark, while valuable in certain contexts, do not offer the same cloud-focused security capabilities as Alert Logic.
NEW QUESTION # 31
In which of the following types of insider threats an insider who is uneducated on potential security threats or simply bypasses general security procedures to meet workplace efficiency?
- A. Negligent insider
- B. Malicious insider
- C. Compromised insider
- D. Professional insider
Answer: A
Explanation:
A negligent insider is an individual within an organization who, due to a lack of knowledge on security threats or in an attempt to increase workplace efficiency, inadvertently bypasses security procedures or makes errors that compromise security. This type of insider threat is not malicious in intent; rather, it stems from carelessness, oversight, or a lack of proper security training. Such insiders might click on phishing links, mishandle sensitive information, or use unsecured networks for work-related tasks, thereby exposing the organization to potential security breaches. This contrasts with compromised insiders (who are manipulated by external parties), professional insiders (who misuse their access for personal gain), and malicious insiders (who intentionally aim to harm the organization).References:The Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) courses and study guides discuss different types of insider threats, emphasizing the importance of security awareness training to mitigate the risks associated with negligent insiders.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following is a term that describes the combination of strategies and services intended to restore data, applications, and other resources to the public cloud or dedicated service providers?
- A. Eradication
- B. Mitigation
- C. Analysis
- D. Cloud recovery
Answer: D
Explanation:
The term that describes the combination of strategies and services intended to restore data, applications, and other resources to the public cloud or dedicated service providers is "Cloud recovery." This term encompasses disaster recovery efforts focused on ensuring that an organization's digital assets can be quickly and effectively restored or moved to cloud environments in the event of data loss, system failure, or a disaster.
Cloud recovery strategies are part of a broader disaster recovery and business continuity planning, ensuring minimal downtime anddata loss by leveraging cloud computing's scalability and flexibility. Mitigation, analysis, and eradication are terms associated with other aspects of incident response and risk management, not specifically with the restoration of resources to cloud environments.References:The Incident Handler (CREST CPTIA) curriculum includes discussions on disaster recovery and business continuity planning, highlighting cloud recovery as a vital component of ensuring organizational resilience against disruptions.
NEW QUESTION # 33
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