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Fortinet NSE7_EFW-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 12
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a BGP summary.
What two conclusions can you draw from this BGP summary? (Choose two.)
- A. External BGP (EBGP) exchanges routing information.
- B. The BGP session with peer 10. 127. 0. 75 is established.
- C. The router 100. 64. 3. 1 has the parameter bfd set to enable.
- D. The neighbors displayed are linked to a local router with the neighbor-range set to a value of 4.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The output of the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) summary shows details about the BGP neighbors of a router, their Autonomous System (AS) numbers, the state of the BGP session, and other metrics like messages received and sent.
From the BGP summary provided:
A: External BGP (EBGP) exchanges routing information.This conclusion can be inferred because the AS numbers for the neighbors are different from the local AS number (65117), which suggests that these are external connections.
B: The BGP session with peer 10.127.0.75 is established.This is indicated by the state/prefix received column showing a numeric value (1), which typically means that the session is established and a number of prefixes has been received.
C: The router 100.64.3.1 has the parameter bfd set to enable.This cannot be concluded directly from the summary without additional context or commands specifically showing BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) configuration.
D: The neighbors displayed are linked to a local router with the neighbor-range set to a value of 4.The neighbor-range concept does not apply here; the value 4 in the 'V' column stands for the BGP version number, which is typically 4.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which, three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)
- A. OSPF router IDs are unique
- B. Authentication settings match
- C. OSPF interface priority settings are unique
- D. OSPF link costs match
- E. OSPF interface network types match
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
* Option A is correct because the OSPF interface network types determine how the routers form adjacencies and exchange LSAs on a network segment. The network types must match for the routers to become neighbors1.
* Option B is correct because the OSPF router IDs are used to identify each router in the OSPF domain and to establish adjacencies. The router IDs must be unique for the routers to become neighbors2.
* Option E is correct because the authentication settings control how the routers authenticate each other before exchanging OSPF packets. The authentication settings must match for the routers to become neighbors3.
* Option C is incorrect because the OSPF interface priority settings are used to elect the designated router (DR) and the backup designated router (BDR) on a broadcast or non-broadcast multi-access network. The priority settings do not have to be unique for the routers to become neighbors, but they affect the DR/BDR election process4.
* Option D is incorrect because the OSPF link costs are used to calculate the shortest path to a destination network based on the bandwidth of the links. The link costs do not have to match for the routers to become neighbors, but they affect the routing decisions5. References: =
* 1: OSPF network types
* 2: OSPF router ID
* 3: OSPF authentication
* 4: OSPF interface priority
* 5: OSPF link cost
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which statement about the designated router (DR) and backup designated router (BDR) in an OSPF multi- access network is true?
- A. Only the DR receives link state information from non-DR routers.
- B. Non-DR and non-BDR routers form full adjacencies to DR only.
- C. FortiGate first checks the OSPF ID to elect a DR.
- D. Non-DR and non-BDR routers send link state updates and acknowledgements to 224.0.0.6.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 15
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains a partial VPN configuration.
What can you conclude from this configuration1?
- A. The VPN should use the dynamic routing protocol to exchange routing information Through the tunnels.
- B. FortiGate creates separate virtual interfaces for each dial up client.
- C. Dead peer detection s disabled.
- D. The routing table shows a single IPSec virtual interface.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The configuration line "set dpd on-idle" indicates that dead peer detection (DPD) is set to trigger only when the tunnel is idle, not actively disabled1. References: FortiGate IPSec VPN User Guide - Fortinet Document Library From the given VPN configuration, dead peer detection (DPD) is set to 'on-idle', indicating that DPD is enabled and will be used to detect if the other end of the VPN tunnel is still alive when no traffic is detected.
Hence, option C is incorrect. The configuration shows the tunnel set to type 'dynamic', which does not create separate virtual interfaces for each dial-up client (A), and it is not specified that dynamic routing will be used (B). Since this is a phase 1 configuration snippet, the routing table aspect (D) cannot be concluded from this alone.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output from the webfilter fortiguard cache dump and webfilter categories commands.
Using the output, how can an administrator determine the category of the training.fortinet.com am website?
- A. The administrator must convert the first two digits of the Domain hex value to a decimal value
- B. The administrator must convert the first three digits of the IP hex value to binary
- C. The administrator can look up the hex value of 34 in the second command output.
- D. The administrator must add both the Pima in and Iphex values of 34 to get the category number
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Option B is correct because the administrator can determine the category of the training.fortinet.com website by looking up the hex value of 34 in the second command output. This is because the first command output shows that the domain and the IP of the website are both in category (Hex) 34, which corresponds to Information Technology in the second command output1.
* Option A is incorrect because the administrator does not need to convert the first three digits of the IP hex value to binary. The IP hex value is already in the same format as the category hex value, so the administrator can simply compare them without any conversion2.
* Option C is incorrect because the administrator does not need to add both the Pima in and Iphex values of 34 to get the category number. The Pima in and Iphex values are not related to the category number, but to the cache TTL and the database version respectively3.
* Option D is incorrect because the administrator does not need to convert the first two digits of the Domain hex value to a decimal value. The Domain hex value is already in the same format as the category hex value, so the administrator can simply compare them without any conversion2. References: =
* 1: Technical Tip: Verify the webfilter cache content4
* 2: Hexadecimal to Decimal Converter5
* 3: FortiGate - Fortinet Community6
* : Web filter | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.2.0 - Fortinet Documentation7
NEW QUESTION # 17
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a network diagram.
Which IPsec phase 2 configuration should you impalement so that only one remote site is connected at any time?
- A. Set route-overlap to either use-new or use-old
- B. Set net-device to enable
- C. Set route-overlap to allow.
- D. Set single-source to enable
Answer: A
Explanation:
To ensure that only one remote site is connected at any given time in an IPsec VPN scenario, you should use route-overlap with the option to either use-new or use-old. This setting dictates which routes are preferred and how overlaps in routes are handled, allowing for one connection to take precedence over the other (C).
References:
* FortiOS Handbook - IPsec VPN
NEW QUESTION # 18
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows an ADVPN network.
The client behind Spoke-1 generates traffic to the device located behind Spoke-2.
Which first message floes the hub send to Spoke-110 bring up the dynamic tunnel?
- A. Shortcut forward
- B. Shortcut reply
- C. Shortcut query
- D. Shortcut offer
Answer: D
Explanation:
The first message that the hub sends to Spoke-1 to bring up the dynamic tunnel is a shortcut offer. This is a BGP message that contains the NHRP information of the destination spoke (Spoke-2) and offers to create a shortcut tunnel between the two spokes. The shortcut offer is sent after the hub receives a BGP update from Spoke-2 with the destination prefix and the NHRP information. Reference: You can find more information about ADVPN and BGP in the following Fortinet Enterprise Firewall 7.2 documents:
ADVPN
BGP
ADVPN with BGP as the routing protocol
NEW QUESTION # 19
How are bulk configuration changes made using FortiManager CLI scripts? (Choose two.)
- A. When run on the All FortiGate in ADOM, changes are automatically installed without the creation of a new revision history.
- B. When run on the Policy Package, ADOM database, you must use the installation wizard to apply the changes to the managed FortiGate device.
- C. When run on the Remote FortiGate directly, administrators do not have the option to review the changes prior to installation.
- D. When run on the Device Database, changes are applied directly to the managed FortiGate device.
Answer: B,C
NEW QUESTION # 20
You want to configure faster failure detection for BGP
Which parameter should you enable on both connected FortiGate devices?
- A. Ebgp-enforce-multihop
- B. Distribute-list-in
- C. Graceful-restart
- D. bfd
Answer: D
Explanation:
BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) is a protocol that provides fast failure detection for BGP by sending periodic messages to verify the connectivity between two peers1. BFD can be enabled on both connected FortiGate devices by using the command set bfd enable under the BGP configuration2. Reference: = Technical Tip : FortiGate BFD implementation and examples ..., Configure BGP | FortiGate / FortiOS 7.0.2 - Fortinet Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which two statements about IKE vision 2 are true? (Choose two.)
- A. It exchanges a minimum of four messages to establish a secure tunnel
- B. It supports the XAuth protocol.
- C. Phase 1 includes main mode
- D. It supports the extensible authentication protocol (EAP)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
IKE version 2 supports the extensible authentication protocol (EAP), which allows for more flexible and secure authentication methods1. IKE version 2 also exchanges a minimum of four messages to establish a secure tunnel, which is more efficient than IKE version 12. Reference: = IKE settings | FortiClient 7.2.2 - Fortinet Documentation, Technical Tip: How to configure IKE version 1 or 2 ... - Fortinet Community
NEW QUESTION # 22
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which provides information on BGP neighbors.
Which can you conclude from this command output?
- A. The bfd configuration to set to enable.
- B. BGP is attempting to establish a TCP connection with the BGP peer.
- C. The router are in the number to match the remote peer.
- D. You must change the AS number to match the remote peer.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The BGP state is "Idle", indicating that BGP is attempting to establish a TCP connection with the peer. This is the first state in the BGP finite state machine, and it means that no TCP connection has been established yet.
If the TCP connection fails, the BGP state will reset to either active or idle, depending on the configuration. References: You can find more information about BGP states and troubleshooting in the following Fortinet Enterprise Firewall 7.2 documents:
* Troubleshooting BGP
* How BGP works
NEW QUESTION # 23
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows information about an OSPF interlace
What two conclusions can you draw from this command output? (Choose two.)
- A. NGFW-1 is the designated router
- B. The OSPF routers are in the area ID of 0.0.0.1.
- C. The port3 network has more man one OSPF router
- D. The interfaces of the OSPF routers match the MTU value that is configured as 1500.
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 24
Exhibit.
Refer to exhibit, which shows a central management configuration
Which server will FortiGate choose for web filler rating requests if 10.0.1.240 is experiencing an outage?
- A. 10.0.1.242
- B. Public FortiGuard servers
- C. 10.0.1.243
- D. 10.0.1.244
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the event of an outage at 10.0.1.240, the FortiGate will choose the next server in the sequence for web filter rating requests, which is 10.0.1.244 according to the configuration shown in the exhibit. This is because the server list is ordered by priority, and the server with the lowest priority number is chosen first. If that server is unavailable, the next server with the next lowest priority number is chosen, and so on. The public FortiGuard servers are only used if the include-default-servers option is enabled and all the custom servers are unavailable. References := Fortinet Enterprise Firewall Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2, page 132.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibit, which contains a partial OSPF configuration.
What can you conclude from this output?
- A. Neighbors maintain communication with the restarting router.
- B. FortiGate restarts if the topology changes.
- C. The restarting router sends gratuitous ARP for 30 seconds.
- D. The router sends grace LSAs before it restarts.
Answer: D
Explanation:
From the partial OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) configuration output:
B). The router sends grace LSAs before it restarts: This is implied by the command 'set restart-mode graceful-restart'. When OSPF is configured with graceful restart, the router sends grace LSAs (Link State Advertisements) to inform its neighbors that it is restarting, allowing for a seamless transition without recalculating routes.
Fortinet documentation on OSPF configuration clearly states that enabling graceful restart mode allows the router to maintain its adjacencies and routes during a brief restart period.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial touting table
What two concisions can you draw from the corresponding FortiGate configuration? (Choose two.)
- A. IPSec Tunnel aggregation is configured
- B. OSPI is configured to run over IPSec.
- C. add-route is disabled in the tunnel IPSec phase 1 configuration.
- D. net-device is enabled in the tunnel IPSec phase 1 configuration
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Option B is correct because the routing table shows that the tunnel interfaces have a netmask of
255.255.255.255, which indicates that net-device is enabled in the phase 1 configuration. This option allows the FortiGate to use the tunnel interface as a next-hop for routing, without adding a route to the phase 2 destination1.
* Option D is correct because the routing table does not show any routes to the phase 2 destination networks, which indicates that add-route is disabled in the phase 1 configuration. This option controls whether the FortiGate adds a static route to the phase 2 destination network using the tunnel interface as the gateway2.
* Option A is incorrect because IPSec tunnel aggregation is a feature that allows multiple phase 2 selectors to share a single phase 1 tunnel, reducing the number of tunnels and improving performance3.
This feature is not related to the routing table or the phase 1 configuration.
* Option C is incorrect because OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that can run over IPSec tunnels, but it requires additional configuration on the FortiGate and the peer device4. This option is not related to the routing table or the phase 1 configuration. References: =
* 1: Technical Tip: 'set net-device' new route-based IPsec logic2
* 2: Adding a static route5
* 3: IPSec VPN concepts6
* 4: Dynamic routing over IPsec VPN7
NEW QUESTION # 27
You want to improve reliability over a lossy IPSec tunnel.
Which combination of IPSec phase 1 parameters should you configure?
- A. keepalive and keylive
- B. Odpd and dpd-retryinterval
- C. fec-ingress and fec-egress
- D. fragmentation and fragmentation-mtu
Answer: B
Explanation:
For improving reliability over a lossy IPSec tunnel, the fragmentation and fragmentation-mtu parameters should be configured. In scenarios where there might be issues with packet size or an unreliable network, setting the IPsec phase 1 to allow for fragmentation will enable large packets to be broken down, preventing them from being dropped due to size or poor network quality. The fragmentation-mtu specifies the size of the fragments. This is aligned with Fortinet's recommendations for handling IPsec VPN over networks with potential packet loss or size limitations.
NEW QUESTION # 28
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